Although the SDAP benefited from hardships experienced by women during the war in the election for parliament in 1919, by the next year the women's vote moved to the right under the influence of Catholic propaganda. With fewer women than men voting for the SDAP, the fears of those in the party who opposed female suffrage on the grounds that women would be putty in the hands of priests seemed to be substantiated. But by 1927 the municipal election in Vienna (using different colored envelopes for the two sexes) recorded an equal number of male and female votes for the party. The internet offers numerous educational resources, including custom writing and essay guidelines. Municipal maintenance of rent control and a dedicated program of political education among women had turned the tide guaranteeing safe socialist majorities in municipal government until 1934. The proportion of women among SDAP members grew throughout the period, reaching 34 percent nationally and 36 percent in Vienna by the early 1930s. Of these 51.6 percent were employed, with 51.5 percent of them active as blue and white collar workers. Women constituted about 20 percent of party leadership at the grass roots level -- the unsalaried cadres (21,500 in Vienna alone). But the higher levels of the party bureaucracy, especially the editorship of publications (included those for women) and direction of the forty-odd cultural enterprises, and especially the party executive, remained essentially a protected male preserve.
